转载分享 | Luigi Rizzi:制图和语法解释
编者按
《理论语言学五道口站》(2020年第41期,总第105期)转载锡耶纳大学全职语言学教授,法兰西学院名誉教授,北京语言大学语言学系荣誉系主任Luigi Rizzi教授于2020年7月27日做客Abralin Ao Vivo(Linguists Online)所作题为“Cartography and Grammatical Explanation” 的讲座,该系列讲座由巴西语言学会(Abralin, Associação Brasileira de Linguística)主办。
视频转载自公众号:认知语言学。
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人物简介
Luigi Rizzi,锡耶纳大学的全职语言学教授,法兰西学院的名誉教授,北京语言大学语言学系荣誉系主任。此前他任教于日内瓦大学语言学系。Luigi Rizzi是美国语言学会荣誉会员、英国科学院院士、欧洲科学院成员、美国人文与科学院荣誉会员。2011年,他被授予国际研究主席布莱斯·帕斯卡(巴黎)。
Rizzi教授的研究主要包括句法理论以及罗曼语和日耳曼语的比较句法,尤其是在句法比较的参数方案、局域性理论、句法表征式、句法结构的制图研究等方面做出了很多贡献。同时,他还致力于研究语言习得,特别是儿童形态句法的发展研究,以及局域性理论在语言发展中的作用研究。
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制图和语法解释
视频英文字幕为认知语言学公号后期制作,限于精力,未经逐字校对,敬请谅解。
简介
句法结构的制图研究是一项兼具描述性和理论性的尝试。制图研究具有很大的比较维度: 我们想知道跨语言的句法构造的详尽细节为何,何种结构属性不变,何种属性可变,以及经证实的句法结构变化的限制为何(Cinque & Rizzi 2010,Rizzi & Cinque 2016)。然而应该清楚的是,系统性地挖掘正确的句法结构图谱,仅仅是分析工作的开始:我们想要把观察归纳与句法计算的基本要素联系起来,并确定观察到的构造在多大程度上可以从一个基本运算系统中推导出来——以推导出限制原则及最简参数。如果我们以这种方式来看待问题,制图分析可以被认为是一种定义明确的实证问题的强大生成器,它可以指导并为句法理论探索提供养分,从而丰富和巩固句法理论的实证基础。沿着这条思路,制图研究可以与最简方案的理论工作(Chomsky 1995以及后续的许多著作)以及其他自然语言的传统研究(诸如比较语言学和类型学研究)有效合作。
在本次讲座中,我将用一些具体的示例来说明这些观点。我将侧重于句子的左缘研究(Rizzi和Bocci 2017对于20年来研究的概述),并说明不同原则在句法或句法与语音、语义接口界面捕捉各种制图特性的解释性作用,特别是语序和冻结的特性。
Introduction
The cartography of syntactic structures is both a descriptive and a theoretical endeavor. Cartographic projects have a large comparative dimension: we want to know what the fine details are of syntactic configurations across languages, what structural properties are invariant, what properties are variable, and what the limits are of the attested variation of syntactic structures (Cinque & Rizzi 2010, Rizzi & Cinque 2016). It should be clear, though, that the systematic identification of the right maps is only the beginning of the analytic work: we want to connect the observed generalizations to the basic ingredients of syntactic computations and determine to what extent the observed configurations can be deduced from a system of basic operations, of principles constraining them, and of parameters expressing irreducible variation. If we look at things in this way, cartographic analysis can be seen as a powerful generator of well-defined empirical questions, which can nourish and guide theoretical work in syntax, thus enriching and consolidating the empirical basis of syntactic theory. Along these lines, cartographic research can fruitfully interact with theoretical work conducted within the minimalist program (Chomsky 1995 and much subsequent work), but also with other traditions of comparative and typological research on natural language.
In this talk, I will address some concrete cases illustrating these points. I will focus on the study of the left periphery of the clause (see Rizzi and Bocci 2017 for an overview of twenty years of research) and illustrate the explanatory role of different principles operating in syntax or at the interfaces with sound and meaning in capturing various cartographic properties, with special reference to properties of ordering and freezing.
版权方:Abralin ao Vivo - Linguists Online is an initiative of Abralin - Associação Brasileira de Linguística in cooperation with several linguistics associations.
视频来源:认知语言学公众号
编辑:高洁
排版:高洁
审校:安镜儒 王丽媛 陈旭